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Base ML
Sicherheitsklasse 5
Base ML

Instability rating
Safety class 1 Safety class 2 Safety class 3 Safety class 4 Safety class 5
asymmetric collapse
course change
forward pitching
height loss
sink velocity
collapse on opposite wingtip
cravat
G-Force
Frontal collapse
course change
height loss
sink velocity
Spiral dives
G-Force
Sink velocity after 720°
Maximum sink velocity
Behaviour on brake release
course change after spiral dive exit
Height loss during recovery
Safety class 5
Pilot skill requirements:
Pilots should be able to recognise the onset of instability and be able to prevent or minimise glider reactions through immediate and precise pilot inputs.
Expert piloting skills and regular flight practice (>50 hour per year) necessary.

Glider characteristics
Launch preparations: average
launch characteristics: dynamic, climbs constantly, no guidance necessary, good feedback during inflation, little braking required, slows before zenith, control check simple, low takeoff speed
asymmetric collapse: canopy colllapses at high angle to leading edge, high dynamics, total course change 180-270°, (3), very fast course change rate, very high forward pitching >90°, (5), high height loss 40-49 m, (3), high sink velocity 20-24 m/s, (3), collapse on opposite wingtip with course change >90°, (5), with tendency to cravat, (4), G-Force 2,5- 2,9 G, (2)
Frontal collapse: canopy collapses with high total collapse aera, marked pitch backwards 45-60°, moderate pitch forwards 30-45°, high dynamics, no course change, (1), immediate automatic recovery, symmetric recovery, immediate return to normal airspeed, high height loss 40-49 m, (3), low sink velocity 10-14 m/s, (1)
Spiral dives: rapid sink velocity increase, Very high G-Force 4,5-5,0 G, (4), Sink velocity after 720° < 22 m/s, (4), Very high maximum sink velocity <25 m/s, (4), sink velocity increase < 10 m/s on brake release, (4), Course change 360-540° after spiral exit, (3), high height loss during recovery 60-100 m, (3)
B-Stall: high force required, moderate pitch backwards 15-30°, moderate pitch forwards 15-30°, unstable sink phase, canopy deforms to horseshoe, immediate return to normal airspeed, 6-8 m/s, height loss on recovery 20-40 m
big ears: simple initiation, stable flight phase, immediate automatic recovery, Vsink unaccelerated 2,5-3 m/s, Vsink accelerated 3-3,5 m/s, Vunaccelerated 0-3 km/h less than trimspeed, Vaccelerated 5-8 km/h faster than trimspeed
Steering behaviour: dynamic, 85 cm brake travel range, very noticable brake pressure increasse, Late stall point, easily identifiable

Notes
Takeoff:

Takeoffpreparations are quite easy for a glider in this class. After the first impulse of the pilot the glider climbes dynamic, but starts to slow down on the way above the pilot. It needs just a small brakeinput to get stopped. The rest of the takeoffprocess is typical for an LTF/EN-B glider.

Flight:

The glider has a quite high trimmspeed and the canopy feels very stable. The handling is fun-orientated. The glider is very less damped on every axis. The increase of brakepressure is very noticeable.

Asymmetric Collapse:

The glider collapsed very surfacedeep and big. The reactions were very dynamic. After the collapse the glider starts turning immediately and pitches very fast forwards. The pilot has to react very fast if he wants to stop the shoot. Because of this behavior big collapses on the other side, twists and cravats occurred. During the opening the glider shows two different faces. Sometimes it opens soft, cell by cell and sometimes very impulsive with a lot of dynamic. These shockopenings cause a strong pitch forward with cascades.
For SIV-Trainings its important to pull the collapses in the right way. Collapses can creat a lot more dynamic if they are simulated in the wrong way. Start with small ones first. For the simulation its important that the wing is collapsing equally.

Front Collapse:

The glider collapsed very surfacedeep and stopped rapidly. The opening happens very fast and symmetric. The glider looses not much altitude.

Spiral-dive:

Due tot he dynamic handling the spiral is easy and fast to enter. The sinkspeed is fast increasing. After the brakerelease the glider accelerates up to 6m/s. The maximum sinkrate during the testflights was at 25m/s. If the pilot stays passive with his weightshift the glider exits after 540°. If the weight stays neutral (in the middle) the glider stays in a stable spiral. If this happens the glider is easy to exit with the outside brake. The stored energy during the spirale should be decomposed during some 360° turns.
SAT-Spiral is possible.

B-Stall:

Hard to pull into B-Stall. Glider starts to form a horseshoe if you pull normal. If you pull the B-Lines to the inside it stays in a normal B-Stall shape-

Big Ears:

Without any problems.

Fullstall:

No special technique necessary. During flyback the glider has a tendency to yaw.

Rating

Safety class 5

This class of paraglider reacts very demandingly to one or more of the following manoeuvres: frontal collapse, asymmetric collapse or spiral dive and may present pilots with a particular challenge.
Very demandingly means that the above manoeuvres result in highly dynamic reactions from the glider, and/or large height losses. Critical subsequent glider reactions are also to be expected.

Expert piloting skills achieved through constant practice, fast personal reaction times and precise pilot inputs are required to be able to immediately react to the above manoeuvres to maintain flight control and prevent large height loss or subsequent critical glider reactions. In particular, pilots should be able to recognise the onset of the above manoeuvres and be able to prevent or minimise their effects through immediate and precise pilot inputs.